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Bài đọc Australia’s sporting success IELTS Reading
Australia’s sporting success
A. They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.
B. Inside the academies, science takes centre stage.The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one – such as building muscle strength in golfers – to others, such as swimming and squash.They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes.They all focus on one aim: winning.‘We can’t waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don’t help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,’ says Peter Pricker chief of science at AIS.
C. A lot of their work comes down to measurement – everything from the exact angle of a swimmer’s dive to the second-by-second power output of a cydist.This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes.The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to bother with. It’s the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results.To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he analyses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason’s contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (SWimming ANalysis) system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer’s performance into factors that can be analysed individually – stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmer.Sports training programs
D. Take a look,’ says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? ‘His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy,’ says Mason.‘If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better.’This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists’ research is bringing to a range of sports. With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete’s clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete’s ability to run.There’s more to it than simply measuring performance. Pricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds II or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes’ saliva. If lgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, lgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.
E. Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‘competition model’, based on what they expect will be the winning times.’You design the model to make that time,’ says Mason.’A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times.’All the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race.Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the world’s most successful sporting nation.Exam preparation guides
F. Of course, there’s nothing to stop other countries copying – and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists’ and rowers’ times. Now everyone uses them.The same has happened to the ‘altitude tent’, developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australia’s success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system.
Questions 1-7
Reading Passage 88 has six paragraphs, A-F.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A-F in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once
Questions 8-11
Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states they -
A are currently exclusively used by Australians
B will be used in the future by Australians
C are currently used by both Australians and their rivals
Write the correct letter A, B, C or D in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.
Questions 12 and 13
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the Reading Passage 88 for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.
12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?
13 By how much did some cyclists' performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?
Điểm số của bạn là % - đúng / câu
Đáp án Australia’s sporting success IELTS Reading
| 1. B | 8. A |
| 2. C | 9. B |
| 3. B | 10. A |
| 4. F | 11. C |
| 5. D | 12. (a) competition model |
| 6. A | 13. (by) 2 percent/% |
| 7. E |
Giải thích đáp án Australia’s sporting success IELTS Reading
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Questions 1- 7: Dạng Matching Information Cách làm: Bước 1: Đọc list các cụm từ đề bài cho, xác định organizing words & content words Bước 2: Scan từ khóa trong các đoạn văn và tìm ra nét nghĩa tương đồng Bước 3: Hoàn thành đáp án với các kí tự A, B, C … ám chỉ từng đoạn văn Note: Làm dạng bài này cuối cùng, sau khi đã hiểu được nội dung chính cả bài Một số đoạn văn có thể chứa 2 mẩu thông tin |
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1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports Đoạn B nói rõ các nhà khoa học AIS làm việc cho nhiều môn và lấy kỹ năng học được từ môn này áp dụng sang môn khác. Đáp án là B |
Đoạn B: AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one – such as building muscle strength in golfers – to others, such as swimming and squash |
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2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations Đoạn C mô tả công cụ phân tích 3D và hệ thống SWAN dùng camera kỹ thuật số, mô hình wire-frame, slow motion để phân tích động tác bơi. Đáp án là C |
Đoạn C: To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he analyses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason's contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (SWimming ANalysis) system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer's performance into factors that can be analysed individually – stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. |
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3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity Đoạn B có câu của Peter Pricker: họ không nghiên cứu các câu hỏi “mơ hồ” mà chỉ tập trung thứ giúp HLV cải thiện thành tích. Đáp án là B |
Đoạn B: We can’t waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don’t help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,’ says Peter Pricker chief of science at AIS. |
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4 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced Đoạn F nói các nước khác đã cố bắt chước; ví dụ áo làm mát và bây giờ ai cũng dùng, và “altitude tent” cũng bị làm tương tự. Đáp án là F |
Đoạn F: Of course, there's nothing to stop other countries copying – and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists' and rowers’ times. Now everyone uses them.The same has happened to the 'altitude tent', developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. |
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5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated Đoạn D cho ví dụ VĐV hay bị cảm/ho; AIS phát triển xét nghiệm protein miễn dịch IgA trong nước bọt để phát hiện khi cơ thể suy giảm → từ đó giảm tập để tránh tụt phong độ. Đáp án là D |
Đoạn D: Pricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds II or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes' saliva. If lgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. |
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6 an overview of the funded support of athletes Đoạn A nêu tổng quan: AIS nơi huấn luyện, và ASC tài trợ chương trình xuất sắc cho 96 môn, cung cấp huấn luyện, cơ sở vật chất, tư vấn dinh dưỡng… Đáp án là A |
Đoạn A: Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice. |
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7 how performance requirements are calculated before an event Đoạn E nói rõ trước giải đấu họ tạo “competition model” dựa trên thời gian dự kiến để thắng, rồi đặt chỉ tiêu cho từng chặng (start, free-swimming, turns…). Đáp án là E |
Đoạn E: Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‘competition model', based on what they expect will be the winning times.'You design the model to make that time,' says Mason.'A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times. |
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Questions 8-11: Dạng Matching Information Cách làm: Bước 1: Đọc list các cụm từ đề bài cho, xác định organizing words & content words Bước 2: Scan từ khóa trong các đoạn văn và tìm ra nét nghĩa tương đồng Bước 3: Hoàn thành đáp án với các kí tự A, B, C … ám chỉ từng đoạn văn Note: Làm dạng bài này cuối cùng, sau khi đã hiểu được nội dung chính cả bài Một số đoạn văn có thể chứa 2 mẩu thông tin |
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8 cameras Bài nói hệ thống SWAN hiện đang được dùng trong các cuộc thi quốc gia của Úc và hệ thống này dùng camera kỹ thuật số để thu hình. Không có thông tin cho thấy đối thủ cũng dùng hệ thống này, nên theo bài viết, kỹ thuật này được xem là đang dùng (và mang tính) riêng ở Úc. Đáp án là A. are currently exclusively used by Australians |
Đoạn C: Mason's contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (SWimming ANalysis) system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer's performance into factors that can be analysed individually – stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. |
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9 sensors Đoạn D nói họ đang phát triển cảm biến “will be embedded” trong quần áo/già Đáp án là B. will be used in the future by Australians |
Đoạn D: With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete's clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete's ability to run. |
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10 protein tests Đoạn D nói AIS + ĐH Newcastle đã phát triển test đo immunoglobulin A trong nước bọt. Đáp án là A. are currently exclusively used by Australians |
Đoạn D: AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes' saliva. If lgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, lgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy. |
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11 altitude tents Đoạn F nói altitude tent cũng đã bị các nước khác dùng. Vậy hiện tại Úc và đối thủ đều dùng. Đáp án là C. are currently used by both Australians and their rivals |
Đoạn F: Now everyone uses them.The same has happened to the 'altitude tent', developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australia's success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system. |
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Questions 12 – 13: Dạng Short answer questions Cách làm: Bước 1: Đọc câu hỏi, gạch chân từ khóa, xác định giới hạn đáp án được chọn Bước 2: Scan từ khóa trong đoạn văn Bước 3: Tìm ra hiện tượng paraphrase Bước 4: Chọn ra đáp án đúng |
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12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event? Trước giải đấu, họ tạo một “competition model” dựa trên thời gian dự kiến để thắng, rồi từ đó thiết kế mục tiêu cho từng phần cuộc đua (xuất phát, tốc độ từng đoạn, nhịp quạt tay, thời gian quay vòng…). Đáp án là (a) competition model |
Đoạn E: Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‘competition model', based on what they expect will be the winning times. |
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13 By how much did some cyclists' performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games? Bài nói áo làm mát giúp giảm thời gian của VĐV (đồng nghĩa thành tích tốt hơn) “as much as two per cent” tại Olympic Atlanta 1996. Đáp án là (by) 2 percent / two per cent |
Đoạn F: At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists' and rowers’ times. |
