Giải đề Cambridge IELTS 18 – Test 1 – Listening Part 4 – Elephant translocation
PART 4 Questions 31-40
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Elephant translocation
Reasons for overpopulation at Majete National Park - strict enforcement of anti-poaching laws - successful breeding |
Problems caused by elephant overpopulation |
- greater competition, causing hunger for elephants - damage to 31. in the park |
The translocation process |
- a suitable group of elephants from the same 32. was selected - vets and park staff made use of 33. to help guide the elephants into an open plain - elephants were immobilised with tranquilisers + This process had to be completed quickly to reduce 34. + elephants had to be turned on their 35. to avoid damage to their lungs + elephants’s 36. had to be monitored constantly + tracking devices were fitted to the matriarchs + data including the size of their tusks and 37. was taken - elephants were taken by truck to their new reserve |
Advantages of translocation at Nkhotakota Wildlife Park |
- 38. opportunities - a reduction in the number of poachers and 39. - an example of conservation that other parks can follow - an increase in 40. as a contributor to GDP |
Điểm số của bạn là % - đúng / câu
B. TRANSCRIPT
For my presentation today I want to tell you about how groups of elephants have been moved and settled in new reserves. This is known as translocation and has been carried out in Malawi in Africa in recent years. The reason this is being done is because of overpopulation of elephants in some areas.
Overpopulation is a good problem to have and not one we tend to hear about very often. In Malawi’s Majete National Park the elephant population had been wiped out by poachers, who killed the elephants for their ivory. But in 2003, the park was restocked and effective law enforcement was introduced. Since then, not a single elephant has been poached. In this safe environment, the elephant population boomed. Breeding went so well that there were more elephants than the park could support.
This led to a number of problems. Firstly, there was more competition for food, which meant that some elephants were suffering from hunger. As there was a limit to the amount of food in the national park, some elephants began looking further afield. Elephants were routinely knocking down fences around the park, which then had to be repaired at a significant cost. Q31
To solve this problem, the decision was made to move dozens of elephants from Majete National Park to Nkhotakota Wildlife Park, where there were no elephants. But, obviously, attempting to move significant numbers of elephants to a new home 300 kilometres away is quite a challenge.
—–
So how did this translocation process work in practice?
Elephants were moved in groups of between eight and twenty, all belonging to one family. Q32 Because relationships are very important to elephants, they all had to be moved at the same time. A team of vets and park rangers flew over the park in helicopters and targeted a group, which were rounded up and directed to a designated open plain. Q33
The vets then used darts to immobilise the elephants – this was a tricky manoeuvre, as they not only had to select the right dose of tranquiliser for different-sized elephants but they had to dart the elephants as they were running around. This also had to be done as quickly as possible so as to minimise the stress caused. As soon as the elephants began to flop onto the ground, the team moved in to take care of them. Q34
To avoid the risk of suffocation, the team had to make sure none of the elephants were lying on their chests because their lungs could be crushed in this position. So all the elephants had to be placed on their sides. Q35 One person stayed with each elephant while they waited for the vets to do checks. It was very important to keep an eye on their breathing – if there were fewer than six breaths per minute, the elephant would need urgent medical attention. Q36 Collars were fitted to the matriarch in each group so their movements could be tracked in their new home. Measurements were taken of each elephant’s tusks – elephants with large tusks would be at greater risk from poachers – and also of their feet Q37. The elephants were then taken to a recovery area before being loaded onto trucks and transported to their new home.
The elephants translocated to Nkhotakota settled in very well and the project has generally been accepted to have been a huge success – and not just for the elephants. Employment prospects have improved enormously, contributing to rising living standards for the whole community. Q38 Poaching is no longer an issue, as former poachers are able to find more reliable sources of income. In fact, many of them volunteered to give up their weapons, as they were no longer of any use to them. Q39
More than two dozen elephants have been born at Nkhotakota since relocation. With an area of more than 1,800 square kilometres, there’s plenty of space for the elephant population to continue to grow. Their presence is also helping to rebalance Nkhotakota’s damaged ecosystem and providing a sustainable conservation model, which could be replicated in other parks. All this has been a big draw for tourism, which contributes five times more than the illegal wildlife trade to GDP, and this is mainly because of the elephants Q40. There’s also been a dramatic rise in interest …
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C. GIẢI THÍCH ĐÁP ÁN
Part 4: Question 31-40 dạng Gap-fill Cách làm:
| |
Reasons for overpopulation at Majete National Park
| Overpopulation is a good problem to have and not one we tend to hear about very often. In Malawi’s Majete National Park the elephant population had been wiped out by poachers, who killed the elephants for their ivory. But in 2003, the park was restocked and effective law enforcement was introduced. Since then, not a single elephant has been poached. In this safe environment, the elephant population boomed. Breeding went so well that there were more elephants than the park could support. |
Problems caused by elephant overpopulation – greater competition, causing hunger for elephants – damage to 31 _____ in the park Từ cần điền là một danh từ, có thể là một cơ sở vật chất nào đó ở trong công viên. Trong audio, người nói có nhắc đến việc voi thường đạp đổ (knock down) hàng rào (fences) quanh công viên để đi ra ngoài tìm thức ăn. Việc đạp đổ hàng rào chính là gây thiệt hại (damage) cho hàng rào => Đáp án là fences | This led to a number of problems. Firstly, there was more competition for food, which meant that some elephants were suffering from hunger. As there was a limit to the amount of food in the national park, some elephants began looking further afield. Elephants were routinely knocking down fences around the park, which then had to be repaired at a significant cost. |
The translocation process – a suitable group of elephants from the same 32 _____ was selected Từ cần điền là một danh từ, dấu hiệu nhận biết ở đây là trước từ này có tính từ “same” và mạo từ “the”. Trong audio, người nói nhắc đến việc một nhóm voi thuộc về cùng một gia đình (family) cần được di chuyển cùng lúc. => Đáp án là family | So how did this translocation process work in practice? Elephants were moved in groups of between eight and twenty, all belonging to one family. Because relationships are very important to elephants, they all had to be moved at the same time. |
– vets and park staff made use of 33 _____ to help guide the elephants into an open plain Từ cần điền là một danh từ, dấu hiệu nhận biết là trước từ này có cụm “made use of”. Người nói trong audio nhắc đến việc một đội ngũ bác sĩ thú y và nhân viên trông coi công viên bay bằng trực thăng (helicopters) để điều hướng (directed) một nhóm voi vào khu đất trống đã định trước (a designated open plain) => Đáp án là helicopters | A team of vets and park rangers flew over the park in helicopters and targeted a group, which were rounded up and directed to a designated open plain. |
elephants were immobilised with tranquilisers – this process had to be completed quickly to reduce 34 _____ Từ cần điền là một danh từ, dấu hiệu nhận biết là trước từ này có động từ “reduce”. Voi bị bắn phi tiêu (darts) tẩm chất gây mê (tranquiliser) để nằm bất động (immobilise). Quá trình này cần được làm nhanh nhất có thể để giảm thiểu tối đa (minimise) sự căng thẳng (stress) cho voi. => Đáp án là stress | The vets then used darts to immobilise the elephants -this was a tricky manoeuvre, as they not only had to select the right dose of tranquiliser for different-sized elephants but they had to dart the elephants as they were running around. This also had to be done as quickly as possible so as to minimise the stress caused. As soon as the elephants began to flop onto the ground, the team moved in to take care of them. |
– elephants had to be turned on their 35 _____ to avoid damage to their lungs Từ cần điền là một danh từ, dấu hiệu nhận biết là trước từ này có tính từ sở hữu “their”. Voi cần được lật qua bên sườn (sides) để tránh nằm đè lên ngực (lying on their chests), tránh hiện tượng phổi bị dập (crushed) và dẫn đến ngạt thở (suffocation) => Đáp án là sides | To avoid the risk of suffocation, the team had to make sure none of the elephants were lying on their chests because their lungs could be crushed in this position. So all the elephants had to be placed on their sides. |
– elephants’ 36 _____ had to be monitored constantly Từ cần điền là một danh từ, dấu hiệu nhận biết là trước từ này có tính từ sở hữu “elephants’ “. Để ý đến việc thở (breathing) của voi là rất quan trọng, và khi voi thở ít hơn sáu hơi hở mỗi phút (there were fewer than six breaths per minute) thì chúng cần cấp cứu (urgent medical attention) => Đáp án là breathing | One person stayed with each elephant while they waited for the vets to do checks. It was very important to keep an eye on their breathing – if there were fewer than six breaths per minute, the elephant would need urgent medical attention. |
– tracking devices were fitted to the matriarchs – data including the size of their tusks and 37 _____ was taken – elephants were taken by truck to their new reserve Từ cần điền là một danh từ, dấu hiệu nhận biết là trước từ này là cụm “the size of their tusks and”. Các dữ liệu về kích cỡ ngà voi (tusks) và chân (feet) của chúng cần được trích xuất => Đáp án là feet | Collars were fitted to the matriarch in each group so their movements could be tracked in their new home. Measurements were taken of each elephant’s tusks -elephants with large tusks would be at greater risk from poachers – and also of their feet. The elephants were then taken to a recovery area before being loaded onto trucks and transported to their new home. |
Advantages of translocation at Nkhotakota Wildlife Park
Từ cần điền có thể là một danh từ hoặc một tính từ vì theo sau từ này là danh từ “opportunities”. Dự án di dời voi đến công viên Nkhotakota thành công lớn không chỉ với loài voi mà còn cho người dân ở vùng đó. Cụ thể, cơ hội việc làm (employment prospects) tăng lên đáng kể => Đáp án là employment | The elephants translocated to Nkhotakota settled in very well and the project has generally been accepted to have been a huge success – and not just for the elephants. Employment prospects have improved enormously, contributing to rising living standards for the whole community. |
Từ cần điền là một danh từ, dấu hiệu nhận biết là từ này đi sau cụm “the number of” Săn bắn không còn xuất hiện nữa (Poaching is no longer an issue) và nhiều thợ săn (poachers) còn giao nộp cả vũ khí (weapons). Như vậy, số lượng thợ săn và cả vũ khí cũng giảm => Đáp án là weapons | Poaching is no longer an issue, as former poachers are able to find more reliable sources of income. In fact, many of them volunteered to give up their weapons, as they were no longer of any use to them. |
Từ cần điền là một danh từ vì từ này đi sau cụm “an increase in”. Việc di dời voi đến nơi ở mới tạo điều kiện cho voi phát triển. Việc này được triển khai ở nhiều công viên khác nhau (be replicated in other parks). Mô hình bảo tồn bền vững (sustainable conservation model) như vậy tạo ra mối quan tâm lớn (big draw) cho ngành du lịch (tourism), ngành đóng góp nhiều cho GDP => Đáp án là tourism | More than two dozen elephants have been born at Nkhotakota since relocation. With an area of more than 1,800 square kilometres, there’s plenty of space for the elephant population to continue to grow. Their presence is also helping to rebalance Nkhotakota’s damaged ecosystem and providing a sustainable conservation model, which could be replicated in other parks. All this has been a big draw for tourism, which contributes five times more than the illegal wildlife trade to GDP, and this is mainly because of the elephants. There’s also been a dramatic rise in interest … |
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